$Id: index.html,v 1.1 2001/04/17 03:42:16 itojun Exp $
This document tries to describe how you can configure IPsec connection between two hosts, or two organizations.
NOTE: To use IPsec part of KAME stack, please use very recent KAME kit as they are frequently updated. Please report any bugs to our mailing list or our bug database.
If you find any mistakes, please let the author know. The document will be updated right away. Thank you!
There are two operation modes for IPsec: transport mode and tunnel mode. Transport mode is for endhosts. Endhosts will use transport mode to encrypt/authenticate packets sent from the host itself. Tunnel mode is for security gateways. Security gateways can encrypt/authenticate packets for other hosts in the site. In other word, tunnel mode is for VPN-like configuration.
An accompanying protocol, IKE (Internet Key Exchange protocol) is used for automatic encryption key exchange. This document does not speak about automatic keying, so we do not mention about IKE. (NOTE: IKE was called ISAKMP/Oakley in the past)
Let us assume that host A is on 10.1.1.1, and host B is on 10.2.2.2. First, set up SAD by using setkey as below, for both hosts:
# setkey -c <<EOF add 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 esp 9998 -E des-cbc "hogehoge" ; add 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.1 esp 9999 -E des-cbc "hogehoge" ; EOF9998 and 9999 are SPI that identifies SAD. This example uses ESP with DES CBC mode, with encryption key "hogehoge" (If you are curious: "hogehoge" is Japanese word for "foobaa").
Next, you must configure SPD, again by using setkey. On 10.1.1.1, you will do the following:
# setkey -c <<EOF spdadd 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 any -P out ipsec esp/transport//use; EOFOn the other end, you'll do the similar:
# setkey -c <<EOF spdadd 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.1 any -P out ipsec esp/transport//use; EOFThe above spdadd lines configure security policy to be used when communicdating with the other end. ipsec esp/transport//use suggests to encrypt packet with transport mode, whenever key is found. The key is manually configured so they are readily available.
Under this configuration, all packets from host A to host B will be encrypted using ESP, with DES CBC mode. All other packets will not be encrypted, and sent as standard IP packet. Special programs may control its own policy by using setsockopt() system call. KAME ping has extra command line option to specify temporary security policy. Also, for inbound traffic, inetd has special support for IPsec.
[[[site A]]] ------- host a ===== host b ------- [[[site B]]] bare IP IPsec bare IPSuppose you have KAME-ready desktops in each of the site: host a and host b, in site A and site B. We will configure IPsec secure tunnel between host a and b. Any IP traffic that goes through host a and b will be encrypted by using tunnel-mode ESP.
endhost endhost endhost endhost | | | | ==+=======+== site A ==+=======+== site B | | host a host b | | +...............................+Please note that host a and b can be the outgoing router for the sites, but it is not mandatory; if endhosts point the host a/b as its default router, it should be okay. In the following figure, endhost X must point host a as default router. (Note that, however, to run this configuration you need to turn off ICMP redirects on each subnet to keep routing setups on endhost X).
host a endhost X host b endhost Y | | | | ==+=======+== site A ==+=======+== site B | | router router | | +...............................+Let us assume that host a is on 10.1.1.1, and host b is on 10.2.2.2. Site A and B spans over 10.1.1.0/24 and 10.2.2.0/24. First, set up SAD by using setkey as below, for both hosts:
# setkey -c <<EOF add 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 esp 9998 -E des-cbc "hogehoge" ; (**) add 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.1 esp 9999 -E des-cbc "hogehoge" ; (**) EOFThe address after SPI (10.2.2.2 in the first line) shows the endpoint for IPsec tunnel. First line means the following:
# setkey -c <<EOF spdadd 10.1.1.0/24 10.2.2.0/24 any -P ipsec esp/tunnel/10.1.1.1-10.2.2.2/use; EOFOn the other end:
# setkey -c <<EOF spdadd 10.2.2.0/24 10.1.1.0/24 any -P ipsec esp/tunnel/10.2.2.2-10.1.1.1/use; EOFipsec esp/tunnel/10.1.1.1-10.2.2.2/use suggests to use tunnel mode IPsec to throw packets toward the other network.
This is because we are configuring tunnel mode ESP, not transport mode ESP. net.inet.ip.forwarding is important, as host a will act as gateway for hosts in site A.